![]() ![]() Millon T, Simonsen E, Birket-Smith M: Historical conceptions of psychopathy in the United States and Europe. We also report new evidence that psychopathy and its factors are dimensional in nature, perhaps extreme variants of normal personality traits and behaviors. We argue that attempts to characterize antisocial behaviors as merely “downstream” manifestations of more central traits are inconsistent with the structural properties of the PCL-R and with evidence that the development of traits and actions are interactive and reciprocal. Using factor analysis, item response theory, and multidimensional scaling, we propose that the PCL-R and its derivatives are underpinned by at least four correlated factors: Interpersonal, Affective, Lifestyle, and Antisocial. In this article we discuss issues surrounding its structural properties and those of its derivatives. ![]() ![]() Because of its importance in basic and applied research, and in the mental health and criminal justice systems, the PCL-R has been subjected to intense scrutiny by researchers and clinicians. The accepted standard for the reliable and valid assessment of psychopathy is the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). Psychopathy traditionally is defined by a cluster of inferred personality traits and socially deviant behaviors. ![]()
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